Let's set up an example: 


Consider we have the following Financial properties for building a:

  • Construction Costs = $ 4,000,000
  • Running Costs = 40,000 SF x $ 1 per SF = $ 40,000 per year.
  • Rental Fees = 40,000 SF x $ 7 per SF = $ 280.000 per year
  • Construction Period = 1 year
  • Operating Period = 25 years
  • Discount Rate = 7%
  • Residual Value = $ 3,000,000
  • Inflation rate running costs = 1%
  • Inflation rate rental fees = 3%

Then the result will be:


  • Net Present Value = $ 399,000, is a quite positive outcome, so based on the business case of the building, the project may be accepted.
  • Pay-off time = 26 years, so it is just the the operating period of the building the client owns the building.
  • Return on Investment = 10%, so there's a great chance the investor gets his money back plus an extra 10% of his investment, compared to doing something else with his money such as saving or buying shares.
  • Also see the following sheet containing the annual cashflows.


Year

Cash out

Cash in

   Net Cashflow

 Present value

Net Present Value

 Balance Sheet

0

4.000.000

0

-4.000.000

-4.000.000

-4.000.000

-4.000.000

1

40.000

280.000

240.000

224.299

-3.775.701

-3.760.000

2

40.400

288.400

248.000

216.613

-3.559.088

-3.512.000

3

40.804

297.052

256.248

209.175

-3.349.913

-3.255.752

4

41.212

305.964

264.752

201.978

-3.147.936

-2.991.000

5

41.624

315.142

273.518

195.015

-2.952.921

-2.717.482

6

42.040

324.597

282.556

188.279

-2.764.642

-2.434.926

7

42.461

334.335

291.874

181.764

-2.582.877

-2.143.052

8

42.885

344.365

301.479

175.464

-2.407.414

-1.841.573

9

43.314

354.696

311.381

169.371

-2.238.043

-1.530.191

10

43.747

365.336

321.589

163.480

-2.074.563

-1.208.602

11

44.185

376.297

332.112

157.784

-1.916.779

-876.491

12

44.627

387.585

342.959

152.278

-1.764.502

-533.532

13

45.073

399.213

354.140

146.956

-1.617.546

-179.392

14

45.524

411.189

365.666

141.811

-1.475.735

186.274

15

45.979

423.525

377.546

136.840

-1.338.895

563.820

16

46.439

436.231

389.792

132.036

-1.206.858

953.612

17

46.903

449.318

402.415

127.394

-1.079.464

1.356.027

18

47.372

462.797

415.425

122.909

-956.555

1.771.452

19

47.846

476.681

428.835

118.577

-837.978

2.200.287

20

48.324

490.982

442.657

114.391

-723.587

2.642.945

21

48.808

505.711

456.904

110.348

-613.239

3.099.848

22

49.296

520.882

471.587

106.443

-506.796

3.571.435

23

49.789

536.509

486.720

102.672

-404.124

4.058.155

24

50.287

552.604

502.318

99.030

-305.093

4.560.473

25

50.789

569.182

518.393

95.513

-209.580

5.078.866

26

51.297

3.586.258

3.534.961

608.704

399.124

8.613.827


Then the Annual Cashflow chart looks like this:



Net Present Value Sensitivity Scenarios


Consider these scenarios which will come out easy now to communicate with your Asset Manager:

  • If the construction costs will rise by 25%, so with € 1,000,000, then either the rental fees need increase with $ 1 per SF, the residual value will need to be 3,5 million higher, or the building needs to stand 18 years longer to get at least a positive NPV again.
  • Increasing the running period by 5 years from 25 to 30 years will increase the Net Present Value by $ 265,000 and will increase the Return on Investment with 7%. That's a 70% increase!
  • An extra year to design, build and construct the building will increase the pay-off time by 1 year, will decrease the Net Present Value by € 157,000, and will decrease the Return on Investment with 4%.
  • When you don't account the residual value, you get a slightly negative Net Present Value. The difference is $ 5126,000 less NPV compared to $ 3,000,000 less residual value.
  • The discount rate has a high effect on the Net Present Value. If your Discount Rate is set to 0%, you calculate with no risk and you get a normal Net Cashflow analysis, which will result in a NPV of $ 8,600,000 instead of $ 399,000. If your Discount Rate is set to 100%, you calculate with high risk, which will result in a NPV of $ - 868,000.

 

More information about the Net Present Value calculation method: