Let's set up an example:
Consider we have the following Financial properties for building a:
- Construction Costs = $ 4,000,000
- Running Costs = 40,000 SF x $ 1 per SF = $ 40,000 per year.
- Rental Fees = 40,000 SF x $ 7 per SF = $ 280.000 per year
- Construction Period = 1 year
- Operating Period = 25 years
- Discount Rate = 7%
- Residual Value = $ 3,000,000
- Inflation rate running costs = 1%
- Inflation rate rental fees = 3%
Then the result will be:
- Net Present Value = $ 399,000, is a quite positive outcome, so based on the business case of the building, the project may be accepted.
- Pay-off time = 26 years, so it is just the the operating period of the building the client owns the building.
- Return on Investment = 10%, so there's a great chance the investor gets his money back plus an extra 10% of his investment, compared to doing something else with his money such as saving or buying shares.
- Also see the following sheet containing the annual cashflows.
Year |
Cash out |
Cash in |
Net Cashflow |
Present value |
Net Present Value |
Balance Sheet |
0 |
4.000.000 |
0 |
-4.000.000 |
-4.000.000 |
-4.000.000 |
-4.000.000 |
1 |
40.000 |
280.000 |
240.000 |
224.299 |
-3.775.701 |
-3.760.000 |
2 |
40.400 |
288.400 |
248.000 |
216.613 |
-3.559.088 |
-3.512.000 |
3 |
40.804 |
297.052 |
256.248 |
209.175 |
-3.349.913 |
-3.255.752 |
4 |
41.212 |
305.964 |
264.752 |
201.978 |
-3.147.936 |
-2.991.000 |
5 |
41.624 |
315.142 |
273.518 |
195.015 |
-2.952.921 |
-2.717.482 |
6 |
42.040 |
324.597 |
282.556 |
188.279 |
-2.764.642 |
-2.434.926 |
7 |
42.461 |
334.335 |
291.874 |
181.764 |
-2.582.877 |
-2.143.052 |
8 |
42.885 |
344.365 |
301.479 |
175.464 |
-2.407.414 |
-1.841.573 |
9 |
43.314 |
354.696 |
311.381 |
169.371 |
-2.238.043 |
-1.530.191 |
10 |
43.747 |
365.336 |
321.589 |
163.480 |
-2.074.563 |
-1.208.602 |
11 |
44.185 |
376.297 |
332.112 |
157.784 |
-1.916.779 |
-876.491 |
12 |
44.627 |
387.585 |
342.959 |
152.278 |
-1.764.502 |
-533.532 |
13 |
45.073 |
399.213 |
354.140 |
146.956 |
-1.617.546 |
-179.392 |
14 |
45.524 |
411.189 |
365.666 |
141.811 |
-1.475.735 |
186.274 |
15 |
45.979 |
423.525 |
377.546 |
136.840 |
-1.338.895 |
563.820 |
16 |
46.439 |
436.231 |
389.792 |
132.036 |
-1.206.858 |
953.612 |
17 |
46.903 |
449.318 |
402.415 |
127.394 |
-1.079.464 |
1.356.027 |
18 |
47.372 |
462.797 |
415.425 |
122.909 |
-956.555 |
1.771.452 |
19 |
47.846 |
476.681 |
428.835 |
118.577 |
-837.978 |
2.200.287 |
20 |
48.324 |
490.982 |
442.657 |
114.391 |
-723.587 |
2.642.945 |
21 |
48.808 |
505.711 |
456.904 |
110.348 |
-613.239 |
3.099.848 |
22 |
49.296 |
520.882 |
471.587 |
106.443 |
-506.796 |
3.571.435 |
23 |
49.789 |
536.509 |
486.720 |
102.672 |
-404.124 |
4.058.155 |
24 |
50.287 |
552.604 |
502.318 |
99.030 |
-305.093 |
4.560.473 |
25 |
50.789 |
569.182 |
518.393 |
95.513 |
-209.580 |
5.078.866 |
26 |
51.297 |
3.586.258 |
3.534.961 |
608.704 |
399.124 |
8.613.827 |
Then the Annual Cashflow chart looks like this:
Net Present Value Sensitivity Scenarios
Consider these scenarios which will come out easy now to communicate with your Asset Manager:
- If the construction costs will rise by 25%, so with € 1,000,000, then either the rental fees need increase with $ 1 per SF, the residual value will need to be 3,5 million higher, or the building needs to stand 18 years longer to get at least a positive NPV again.
- Increasing the running period by 5 years from 25 to 30 years will increase the Net Present Value by $ 265,000 and will increase the Return on Investment with 7%. That's a 70% increase!
- An extra year to design, build and construct the building will increase the pay-off time by 1 year, will decrease the Net Present Value by € 157,000, and will decrease the Return on Investment with 4%.
- When you don't account the residual value, you get a slightly negative Net Present Value. The difference is $ 5126,000 less NPV compared to $ 3,000,000 less residual value.
- The discount rate has a high effect on the Net Present Value. If your Discount Rate is set to 0%, you calculate with no risk and you get a normal Net Cashflow analysis, which will result in a NPV of $ 8,600,000 instead of $ 399,000. If your Discount Rate is set to 100%, you calculate with high risk, which will result in a NPV of $ - 868,000.